Emerald is a variety of the mineral species beryl. Other members of the beryl family include aquamarine, morganite and heliodor (golden beryl). The earliest recorded mines were located in ancient Egypt. Emeralds occur in light to dark shades of yellowish green to bluish green. Inclusions are acceptable in emeralds, and in stones of intense green color with little or no inclusions can command very high prices. Emeralds are frequently oiled to enhance their beauty. This process is routinely performed on stones with internal fractures that reach the surface. Today emeralds are found in Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, Pakistan, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Russia and Australia. Emerald is the birthstone for the month of May and is designated for the 20th and 45th wedding anniversaries.
HARDNESS: 7.5-8
R.I.: 1.577-1.583
TOUGHNESS: Poor
S.G.: 2.67-2.84
